LRU是Least Recently Used 的缩写，翻译过来就是“最近最少使用”，LRU缓存就是使用这种原理实现，简单的说就是缓存一定量的数据，当超过设定的阈值时就把一些过期的数据删除掉。
比如我们缓存10000条数据，当数据小于10000时可以随意添加，当超过10000时就需要把新的数据添加进来，同时要把过期数据删除，以确保我们最大缓存10000条，那怎么确定删除哪条过期数据呢，采用LRU算法实现的话就是将最老的数据删掉。
下面来说下Java版的LRU缓存实现：（推荐：java视频教程）
Java里面实现LRU缓存通常有两种选择，一种是使用LinkedHashMap，一种是自己设计数据结构，使用链表+HashMap
LRU Cache的LinkedHashMap实现
LinkedHashMap自身已经实现了顺序存储，默认情况下是按照元素的添加顺序存储，也可以启用按照访问顺序存储，即最近读取的数据放在最前面，最早读取的数据放在最后面，然后它还有一个判断是否删除最老数据的方法，默认是返回false，即不删除数据。
我们使用LinkedHashMap实现LRU缓存的方法就是对LinkedHashMap实现简单的扩展，扩展方式有两种，一种是inheritance，一种是delegation。
//LinkedHashMap的一个构造函数，当参数accessOrder为true时，即会按照访问顺序排序，最近访问的放在最前，最早访问的放在后面public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder) { super(initialCapacity, loadFactor); this.accessOrder = accessOrder;}//LinkedHashMap自带的判断是否删除最老的元素方法，默认返回false，即不删除老数据//我们要做的就是重写这个方法，当满足一定条件时删除老数据protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) { return false;}LRU缓存LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现
采用inheritance方式实现比较简单，而且实现了Map接口，在多线程环境使用时可以使用 Collections.synchronizedMap()方法实现线程安全操作
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;import java.util.LinkedHashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15. */public class LRUCache2<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> { private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE; public LRUCache2(int cacheSize) { super((int) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0.75) + 1, 0.75f, true); MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize; } @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) { return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) { sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } return sb.toString(); }}这样算是比较标准的实现吧，实际使用中这样写还是有些繁琐，更实用的方法时像下面这样写，省去了单独见一个类的麻烦
final int cacheSize = 100;Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>((int) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0.75f) + 1, 0.75f, true) { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, String> eldest) { return size() > cacheSize; }};LRU缓存LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现
delegation方式实现更加优雅一些，但是由于没有实现Map接口，所以线程同步就需要自己搞定了
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;import java.util.LinkedHashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Set;/** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-13. */public class LRUCache3<K, V> { private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE; private final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; LinkedHashMap<K, V> map; public LRUCache3(int cacheSize) { MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize; //根据cacheSize和加载因子计算hashmap的capactiy，+1确保当达到cacheSize上限时不会触发hashmap的扩容， int capacity = (int) Math.ceil(MAX_CACHE_SIZE / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1; map = new LinkedHashMap(capacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, true) { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) { return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE; } }; } public synchronized void put(K key, V value) { map.put(key, value); } public synchronized V get(K key) { return map.get(key); } public synchronized void remove(K key) { map.remove(key); } public synchronized Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> getAll() { return map.entrySet(); } public synchronized int size() { return map.size(); } public synchronized void clear() { map.clear(); } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) { sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } return sb.toString(); }}LRU Cache的链表+HashMap实现
注：此实现为非线程安全，若在多线程环境下使用需要在相关方法上添加synchronized以实现线程安全操作
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;import java.util.HashMap;/** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-12. */public class LRUCache1<K, V> { private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE; private Entry first; private Entry last; private HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>> hashMap; public LRUCache1(int cacheSize) { MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize; hashMap = new HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>>(); } public void put(K key, V value) { Entry entry = getEntry(key); if (entry == null) { if (hashMap.size() >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE) { hashMap.remove(last.key); removeLast(); } entry = new Entry(); entry.key = key; } entry.value = value; moveToFirst(entry); hashMap.put(key, entry); } public V get(K key) { Entry<K, V> entry = getEntry(key); if (entry == null) return null; moveToFirst(entry); return entry.value; } public void remove(K key) { Entry entry = getEntry(key); if (entry != null) { if (entry.pre != null) entry.pre.next = entry.next; if (entry.next != null) entry.next.pre = entry.pre; if (entry == first) first = entry.next; if (entry == last) last = entry.pre; } hashMap.remove(key); } private void moveToFirst(Entry entry) { if (entry == first) return; if (entry.pre != null) entry.pre.next = entry.next; if (entry.next != null) entry.next.pre = entry.pre; if (entry == last) last = last.pre; if (first == null || last == null) { first = last = entry; return; } entry.next = first; first.pre = entry; first = entry; entry.pre = null; } private void removeLast() { if (last != null) { last = last.pre; if (last == null) first = null; else last.next = null; } } private Entry<K, V> getEntry(K key) { return hashMap.get(key); } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Entry entry = first; while (entry != null) { sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.key, entry.value)); entry = entry.next; } return sb.toString(); } class Entry<K, V> { public Entry pre; public Entry next; public K key; public V value; }}LinkedHashMap的FIFO实现
FIFO是First Input First Output的缩写，也就是常说的先入先出，默认情况下LinkedHashMap就是按照添加顺序保存，我们只需重写下removeEldestEntry方法即可轻松实现一个FIFO缓存，简化版的实现代码如下
final int cacheSize = 5;LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) { return size() > cacheSize; }};调用示例
测试代码
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;import cn.lzrabbit.ITest;import java.util.LinkedHashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15. */public class LRUCacheTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { System.out.println("start..."); lruCache1(); lruCache2(); lruCache3(); lruCache4(); System.out.println("over..."); } static void lruCache1() { System.out.println(); System.out.println("===========================LRU 链表实现==========================="); LRUCache1<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache1(5); lru.put(1, "11"); lru.put(2, "11"); lru.put(3, "11"); lru.put(4, "11"); lru.put(5, "11"); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put(6, "66"); lru.get(2); lru.put(7, "77"); lru.get(4); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); }static <T> void lruCache2() { System.out.println(); System.out.println("===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现==========================="); LRUCache2<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache2(5); lru.put(1, "11"); lru.put(2, "11"); lru.put(3, "11"); lru.put(4, "11"); lru.put(5, "11"); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put(6, "66"); lru.get(2); lru.put(7, "77"); lru.get(4); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); } static void lruCache3() { System.out.println(); System.out.println("===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现==========================="); LRUCache3<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache3(5); lru.put(1, "11"); lru.put(2, "11"); lru.put(3, "11"); lru.put(4, "11"); lru.put(5, "11"); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put(6, "66"); lru.get(2); lru.put(7, "77"); lru.get(4); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); } static void lruCache4() { System.out.println(); System.out.println("===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默认实现==========================="); final int cacheSize = 5; LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) { return size() > cacheSize; } }; lru.put(1, "11"); lru.put(2, "11"); lru.put(3, "11"); lru.put(4, "11"); lru.put(5, "11"); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put(6, "66"); lru.get(2); lru.put(7, "77"); lru.get(4); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); }}运行结果
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\bin\java" -Didea.launcher.port=7535 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\test-classes;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\classes;C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain Mainstart...===========================LRU 链表实现===========================5:11 4:11 3:11 2:11 1:11 4:11 7:77 2:11 6:66 5:11 ===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现===========================1:11 2:11 3:11 4:11 5:11 5:11 6:66 2:11 7:77 4:11 ===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现===========================1:11 2:11 3:11 4:11 5:11 5:11 6:66 2:11 7:77 4:11 ===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默认实现==========================={1=11, 2=11, 3=11, 4=11, 5=11}{3=11, 4=11, 5=11, 6=66, 7=77}over...Process finished with exit code 0更多java知识请关注java基础教程栏目。
