RabbitMQ——最常用的三大模式

direct 模式#

• 所有发送到 Direct Exchange 的消息被转发到 RouteKey 中指定的 Queue。
• Direct 模式可以使用 RabbitMQ 自带的 Exchange: default Exchange，所以不需要将 Exchange 进行任何绑定(binding)操作。
• 消息传递时，RouteKey 必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃，

 Copyimport com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection factory ;

public class DirectProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost(" localhost ");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");

        //2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通过 Connect io n 来创建 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "item.direct";

        //5. 发送
        String  msg  = "this is direct msg";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.get byte s());
        System.out.println("Send message : " + msg);

        //6. 关闭连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

  

 Copyimport com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Direct consumer  {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
       factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
      
        //2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "item.direct";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "direct", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        //一般不用代码绑定，在管理界面手动绑定
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //5. 创建消费者并接收消息
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @ Override 
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                String  message  = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };

        //6. 设置 Channel 消费者绑定队列
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}

  

 Copy Send message : this is direct msg
 
 [x] Received 'this is direct msg'
  

Topic 模式#

可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配

• 符号’#” 匹配一个或多个词
• 符号”*”匹配不多不少一个词

例如:

• ‘log.#”能够匹配到’log.info.oa”
• “log.*”只会匹配到”log.erro“

 Copyimport com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class TopicProducer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");

        //2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "item.update";
        String routingKey2 = "item.delete";
        String routingKey3 = "user.add";

        //5. 发送
        String msg = "this is topic msg";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
        System.out.println("Send message : " + msg);

        //6. 关闭连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

  

 Copyimport com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TopicConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);

        //2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "item.#";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        //一般不用代码绑定，在管理界面手动绑定
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //5. 创建消费者并接收消息
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };
        //6. 设置 Channel 消费者绑定队列
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}

  

 CopySend message : this is topc msg

[x] Received 'this is topc msg'
[x] Received 'this is topc msg'

  

Fanout 模式#

不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到 交换机 上发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上。Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的。

 Copyimport com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FanoutConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        factory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);

        //2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "item.#";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "fanout", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        //一般不用代码绑定，在管理界面手动绑定
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //5. 创建消费者并接收消息
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };

        //6. 设置 Channel 消费者绑定队列
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
    }
}

  

 Copyimport com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class FanoutProducer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建一个 ConnectionFactory 并进行设置
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");

        //2. 通过连接工厂来创建连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //3. 通过 Connection 来创建 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4. 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "item.update";
        String routingKey2 = "";
        String routingKey3 = "ookjkjjkhjhk";//任意routingkey

        //5. 发送
        String msg = "this is fanout msg";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
        System.out.println("Send message : " + msg);

        //6. 关闭连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

  

 CopySend message : this is fanout msg

[x] Received 'this is fanout msg'
[x] Received 'this is fanout msg'
[x] Received 'this is fanout msg'